Undocumented Immigrants in America 2026
Few policy topics in the United States generate as much debate, and as much misinformation, as the question of how many undocumented immigrants live in the country and how those numbers have changed over time. As of 2026, the most authoritative answer comes from the Pew Research Center, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Office of Homeland Security Statistics, the Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS), and the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) — all of which use the well-established residual estimation method, cross-referenced with U.S. Census Bureau surveys and administrative data from federal agencies. What the numbers reveal is a story of dramatic swings: a long decline from a peak of 12.2 million in 2007, followed by a historic surge to an all-time record of 14 million in 2023, and now, in 2025–2026, a period of measurable decline driven by record-low border encounters and aggressive enforcement under the Trump administration’s second term.
Understanding the undocumented immigrant population by year requires looking beyond single headline figures to examine the forces that push and pull migration flows: economic conditions in origin countries, U.S. labor market demand, border enforcement policy, and humanitarian crises abroad. The 2026 picture is shaped by two competing realities — a population that swelled to an all-time high just two years ago, and a border security and deportation regime that has fundamentally shifted since January 2025. This article draws exclusively on verified data from U.S. government sources and major nonpartisan research institutions to present the clearest available view of undocumented immigration trends in America in 2026.
Key Facts: Undocumented Immigrants in the US 2026
QUICK FACTS: Undocumented Immigrants in the U.S. (Latest Verified Data)
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Fact Value
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
All-time peak population (2023) 14 million (Pew)
Population estimate (2022) 11–12.2 million
Prior peak in history (2007) 12.2 million
Population (2021) 10.5 million (Pew)
Share of U.S. population (~2023) ~4.2%
Share of U.S. workforce ~5% (~8.3 million workers)
Top origin country (2023) Mexico (~37% / ~5.2M)
ICE deportations FY2024 271,484 (10-yr high)
ICE deportations FY2025 (est.) ~329,000
Border encounters FY2025 ~444,000 (vs 2.1M in FY2024)
Border Patrol apprehensions FY2025 237,538 (lowest since 1970)
Active DACA recipients (March 2025) 525,000
══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
| Fact | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| All-time record undocumented population | 14 million (2023) | Pew Research Center, August 2025 |
| Two-year population increase (2021–2023) | +3.5 million (largest in 30+ years) | Pew Research Center, August 2025 |
| Prior historical peak | 12.2 million (2007) | Pew / DHS / CMS |
| Population low point (modern era) | ~10 million (2020) | Center for Migration Studies |
| Share of total U.S. population (~2023) | ~4.2% | Pew Research Center |
| Share of U.S. civilian workforce | ~5% (~8.3 million workers) | Pew Research Center |
| Largest origin country | Mexico (~37%, ~5.2 million) | MPI / Pew 2023 |
| Share with deportation protections (2024) | ~40% of total | Pew / FWD.us |
| Active DACA recipients (March 2025) | 525,000 | Pew Research Center |
| ICE deportations, FY2024 | 271,484 | ICE Annual Report / OHSS |
| ICE deportations, FY2025 (est.) | ~329,000 | MPI estimate, October 2025 |
| Total CBP border encounters, FY2025 | ~444,000 | CBP / MPI, October 2025 |
| Border Patrol apprehensions, FY2025 | 237,538 (lowest since 1970) | CBP, October 2025 |
| Border encounters decline FY2024→FY2025 | 2.1 million → 444,000 (-79%) | CBP / MPI |
| June 2025 CBP encounters (monthly) | 25,228 (historic monthly low) | CBP |
Data Sources: Pew Research Center, “U.S. Unauthorized Immigrant Population Reached a Record 14 Million in 2023” (August 2025); U.S. Customs and Border Protection Enforcement Statistics (2025); ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations Annual Data; Migration Policy Institute (October 2025)
The facts table above captures the dual story of undocumented immigration in America as of 2026: a population that hit its all-time recorded high of 14 million in 2023, driven by a 3.5 million surge in just two years — the largest two-year increase in more than three decades — followed by what appears to be the beginning of a significant contraction. Border encounters in FY2025 collapsed to 444,000, compared to 2.1 million a year earlier, and Border Patrol apprehensions of 237,538 in FY2025 were the lowest recorded since 1970. ICE deportations in FY2025 are estimated at approximately 329,000 — 25% higher than FY2024’s already decade-high figure of 271,484. With roughly 40% of the undocumented population holding some form of temporary deportation protection, and with the Trump administration having revoked or targeted many of those protections, the size of the population in 2025 and 2026 is widely expected to be lower than the 2023 peak — though by exactly how much remains a subject of active research and data uncertainty.
Undocumented Immigrants by Year in the US 2026 | Historical Population Trend
UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANT POPULATION BY YEAR — U.S. (Millions)
Source: Pew Research Center (2025), DHS OHSS, Center for Migration Studies
1990 ████ 3.5M
1995 ███████ 5.7M
2000 ██████████ 8.6M
2005 ████████████ 10.1M (Pew)
2007 ████████████ 12.2M ← Prior peak
2010 ██████████ 10.8M
2012 █████████ 11.4M
2014 █████████ 10.9M
2017 ████████ 10.5M
2019 ████████ 10.5M ← Pre-pandemic baseline
2020 ████████ 10.0M ← Pandemic-era low
2021 ████████ 10.5M
2022 █████████ 11.0M–12.2M (varies by source)
2023 ████████████ 14.0M ← All-time record (Pew)
12.2M (CMS estimate)
2024 est. ████████████ ~14M+ (continued growth, early yr)
2025 declining trend ▼
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
0 3 6 9 12 14
Population in millions
| Year | Estimated Undocumented Population | Key Context |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | ~3.5 million | Post-amnesty baseline |
| 2000 | ~8.6 million | Rapid growth period |
| 2005 | ~10.1 million | Continued growth |
| 2007 | ~12.2 million | Prior all-time peak |
| 2010 | ~10.8 million | Post-recession decline begins |
| 2012 | ~11.4 million | DHS residual estimate |
| 2017 | ~10.5 million | Long-term low, Trump 1st term |
| 2019 | ~10.5 million | Pre-pandemic baseline |
| 2020 | ~10.0 million | Pandemic disruption, low border crossings |
| 2021 | ~10.5 million | Recovery begins, Biden term |
| 2022 | ~11.0–12.2 million | Surge accelerates (source variance) |
| 2023 | ~14.0 million (Pew) / 12.2M (CMS) | All-time record |
| 2024 | ~14 million+ (early year peak, est.) | Continued growth into early 2024 |
| 2025 | Declining (CPS data points to drop) | Trump enforcement + border drop |
Data Sources: Pew Research Center (August 2025); DHS Office of Homeland Security Statistics; Center for Migration Studies of New York (May 2025); Brookings Institution
The historical trajectory of the undocumented population in the United States is one of the most dramatic demographic stories in modern American history. From a relatively modest base of ~3.5 million in 1990, the population grew at a rapid pace through the 1990s and 2000s, driven by economic pull factors and high levels of unauthorized border crossings, reaching ~8.6 million in 2000 and then peaking at 12.2 million in 2007. What followed was over a decade of decline and stagnation — the Great Recession reduced labor demand, improved conditions in Mexico cut emigration, and border enforcement became more sophisticated. By 2019, Pew and DHS both placed the population near 10.5 million, roughly where it had been in 2017. The pandemic year of 2020 saw a further dip to an estimated 10 million as border crossings nearly halted. Then came the historic reversal: two consecutive years of record growth from 2021 to 2023 added 3.5 million people to the unauthorized population — the fastest two-year expansion in more than 30 years — driven by record border encounters, humanitarian parole programs, and a backlogged asylum system, pushing the total to an unprecedented 14 million by mid-2023 per Pew’s August 2025 report.
One important note for readers: the variance between estimates — Pew’s 14 million versus the Center for Migration Studies’ 12.2 million for 2023 — reflects genuine methodological differences, not data error. Pew’s revised 2025 estimate incorporates new Census Bureau migration data released in December 2024, which significantly upward-revised international migration figures for 2021–2023. The DHS and CMS residual methods produce somewhat lower totals. All major research organizations agree on the overall direction: a rapid surge from 2021 to 2023, followed by a likely decline beginning in 2025.
Undocumented Immigrants by Country of Origin in the US 2026
UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS BY ORIGIN REGION/COUNTRY (2023 Estimates)
Mexico ████████████████████████████████████ ~5.2M (~37%)
Central America ████████████████████ ~2.8M (~20%)
South America ██████████████ ~1.5M (~11%)
Asia ████████████ ~1.4M (~10%)
Caribbean ██████ ~560K ( ~4%)
Europe/Canada █████ ~500K+ ( ~4%)
Other/Unknown ██████████ ~2.0M (~14%)
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────
0 1M 2M 3M 4M 5M
Estimated population — MPI / Pew / CMS 2023
| Country / Region of Origin | Est. Undocumented Population (2023) | Share of Total |
|---|---|---|
| Mexico | ~5.2 million | ~37% (lowest share ever recorded) |
| Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua) | ~2.8 million | ~20% |
| South America (Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru) | ~1.5 million | ~11% |
| Asia (India, China, Philippines, Korea, Vietnam) | ~1.4 million | ~10% |
| Caribbean (Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic) | ~560,000 | ~4% |
| Europe & Canada | ~500,000+ | ~4% |
| Other / Unknown | ~2.0 million (est.) | ~14% |
Data Sources: Migration Policy Institute Unauthorized Immigrant Population Profiles (2023); Pew Research Center, August 2025; Center for Migration Studies, May 2025 (Robert Warren)
The national origin composition of the U.S. undocumented population has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past two decades, and the 2023 data captures a population that is more globally diverse than at any point in recorded history. Mexico remains the single largest source country, but its estimated 5.2 million undocumented residents in 2023 represent only ~37% of the total — the lowest share ever recorded, down from 63% in 2007 when approximately 7.7 million Mexicans were living in the U.S. without authorization, according to MPI. This long-term decline in the Mexican share is driven by improved economic conditions in Mexico, lower birth rates, and more effective U.S.-Mexico border enforcement during the 2010s. Meanwhile, Central American countries — Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua — collectively accounted for approximately 20% of the total, while South American nations, led by Venezuela, Colombia, and Brazil, contributed ~11%. The growth from South America and Venezuela in particular was one of the most significant drivers of the 2021–2023 surge, per CMS analysis published in May 2025.
Asia now accounts for an estimated 10% of the undocumented population, or roughly 1.4 million people, with India (~725,000) and China (~375,000) representing the largest Asian source countries per Pew/Census-derived estimates from 2022. The growth in Indian undocumented immigration is particularly notable — the CBP has documented an unprecedented surge in undocumented Indian nationals crossing the U.S.-Mexico border in recent years, and India’s undocumented population grew by approximately 300,000 from 2013 to 2023 per CMS data. This diversity shift carries important policy implications: while Mexican and Central American nationals are deported relatively quickly due to geographic proximity and bilateral agreements, deportation of Indian, Chinese, and other Asian nationals is far more logistically complex, as evidenced by deportation data showing only 733 Indian nationals and 264 Chinese nationals removed in 2022, despite being among the top-six nationalities in the undocumented population.
Undocumented Immigrants by State in the US 2026
TOP 10 STATES BY UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANT POPULATION (2023 Estimates)
California ████████████████████████████████ 2.3M (16% of U.S. total)
Texas ███████████████████████████████ 2.1M (15%)
Florida ████████████████████████ 1.6M (11%)
New York ████████████ ~820K ( 6%)
New Jersey ██████████ ~680K ( 5%)
Illinois █████████ ~590K ( 4%)
N. Carolina ████████ ~500K ( 4%)
Georgia ████████ ~490K ( 3%)
Washington ████████ ~480K ( 3%)
Arizona ██████ ~350K ( 2%)
└────────────────────────────────────────────────
0 500K 1M 1.5M 2M 2.5M
Estimated population — Pew Research Center 2023
| State | Est. Undocumented Population (2023) | % of State Total Pop. (est.) |
|---|---|---|
| California | ~2.3 million | ~5.9% |
| Texas | ~2.1 million | ~6.7% |
| Florida | ~1.6 million | ~7.1% (highest %) |
| New York | ~820,000 | ~4.1% |
| New Jersey | ~680,000 | ~6.5% |
| Illinois | ~590,000 | ~4.6% |
| North Carolina | ~500,000 | ~4.6% |
| Georgia | ~490,000 | ~4.5% |
| Washington | ~480,000 | ~6.0% |
| Arizona | ~350,000 | ~4.7% |
| Top 6 states combined | ~8 million | ~57% of U.S. total |
Data Sources: Pew Research Center, “Record 14 Million Unauthorized Immigrants Lived in the US in 2023” (August 2025); DHS Office of Homeland Security Statistics; Newsweek/DHS state-level tabulations
The geographic concentration of the undocumented population in the United States has become somewhat less extreme over time — the top six states held 80% of all undocumented immigrants in 1990, but that share had fallen to approximately 57% by 2023 — yet California and Texas still dominate by a wide margin. California leads with an estimated 2.3 million undocumented residents, while Texas follows closely at 2.1 million — a near-parity that represents a dramatic shift from 2017, when California had 1.2 million more than Texas, driven by Texas’s rapid economic growth and proximity to the border. Florida stands out as perhaps the biggest demographic story of the 2019–2023 period, adding an estimated 700,000 undocumented residents in just two years from 2021 to 2023 and achieving the highest share of undocumented immigrants as a percentage of total state population at approximately 7.1%, per Axios analysis of Pew data — surpassing even Nevada (6.9%) and Texas (6.7%). Florida’s growth was tied to new flows from Cuba, Haiti, Venezuela, and other Caribbean and South American nations rather than traditional Central American migration patterns.
The unauthorized immigrant population grew in 32 states from 2021 to 2023, per Pew, with eight states — New Jersey, Illinois, Georgia, North Carolina, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Ohio — each adding 75,000 or more over that period. This geographic dispersion reflects a structural shift in U.S. immigration patterns: undocumented migrants are no longer concentrating primarily in gateway states like California and New York but are spreading to Sun Belt states, mid-Atlantic corridors, and new Southeastern destinations attracted by construction booms, agricultural demand, and service industry growth. Whether this distribution reversal in 2025 as enforcement intensifies will be geographically uniform or concentrated in specific states is one of the key demographic questions that researchers will be examining in forthcoming 2025–2026 data releases.
Border Encounters and Enforcement in the US 2026
CBP TOTAL BORDER ENCOUNTERS BY FISCAL YEAR (Nationwide)
FY2017 ████ 310,531
FY2018 █████ 404,142
FY2019 █████████████ 977,509
FY2020 ████ 458,088 (COVID disruption)
FY2021 ████████████████████ 1,734,686
FY2022 ████████████████████████████ 2,378,944 ← Record
FY2023 ████████████████████████████ 2,475,669 ← All-time record
FY2024 █████████████████████████ 2,100,000 (est.)
FY2025 ████ 444,000 ← 79% decline
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
0 500K 1M 1.5M 2M 2.5M
Total CBP encounters — CBP Enforcement Statistics / MPI
| Fiscal Year | Total CBP Nationwide Encounters | Key Policy Context |
|---|---|---|
| FY2019 | ~977,509 | Trump 1st term; elevated but pre-pandemic |
| FY2020 | ~458,088 | COVID pandemic; Title 42 begins March 2020 |
| FY2021 | ~1,734,686 | Biden begins; surge accelerates |
| FY2022 | ~2,378,944 | Record; Title 42 in effect |
| FY2023 | ~2,475,669 | All-time record; Title 42 ends May 2023 |
| FY2024 | ~2,100,000 | Biden asylum restrictions (June 2024) |
| FY2025 | ~444,000 | Trump 2nd term; 79% decline from FY2024 |
Data Sources: U.S. Customs and Border Protection Enforcement Statistics (cbp.gov); Migration Policy Institute, “A New Era of Immigration Enforcement,” October 2025; WOLA, Weekly U.S.-Mexico Border Update, October 2025
The border encounter data tells perhaps the starkest story in all of U.S. immigration statistics in 2026. Total CBP nationwide encounters collapsed from approximately 2.1 million in FY2024 to just 444,000 in FY2025 — a 79% decline in a single fiscal year. Within that total, Border Patrol apprehensions between ports of entry reached just 237,538 in FY2025 — the lowest figure since 1970, when 201,780 apprehensions were recorded. The monthly low point came in June 2025, when CBP recorded just 25,228 total nationwide encounters — described by researchers at The Global Statistics as the lowest monthly total in CBP history. This collapse in border crossings reflects the combined effect of aggressive enforcement under Trump’s second-term immigration agenda, increased cooperation from Mexico in intercepting migrants before they reach the U.S. border, and the elimination or suspension of Biden-era parole programs for Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans, and Venezuelans (CHNV) that had brought hundreds of thousands of migrants into the United States with temporary legal status between 2022 and 2024.
On the deportation side, ICE conducted approximately 271,484 removals in FY2024 — already a 10-year high under the Biden administration and higher than any year of Trump’s first term — followed by an estimated ~329,000 ICE removals in FY2025, a figure approximately 25% higher than FY2024 per MPI estimates published in October 2025. The American Immigration Council’s April 2026 analysis found that ICE was routinely deporting over 30,000 people per month directly from detention centers, with the number of deportations following ICE arrest and detention increasing more than fivefold compared to the second half of 2024. Despite this acceleration, researchers noted that the administration’s stated goal of 1 million deportations per year — which would require an average of approximately 2,739 deportations per day — remains far beyond current operational capacity.
ICE Deportations by Year in the US 2026 | Removal Trends
ICE REMOVALS / DEPORTATIONS BY FISCAL YEAR
FY2009 ████████████████████████████████████ 392,862 ← Modern record
FY2012 ████████████████████████████████████ 409,849 ← All-time ICE record
FY2014 ███████████████████████████████ 315,943 (Obama era)
FY2019 ████████████████████████████ 267,258 (Trump 1st term peak)
FY2020 ████████████████ 185,884 (COVID)
FY2021 ██████████████ 159,886 (Biden yr 1)
FY2022 ████████████████ 180,034
FY2023 █████████████████████ 142,580 ← Biden lowest
FY2024 █████████████████████████████ 271,484 ← 10-year high (Biden)
FY2025 ██████████████████████████████ ~329,000 ← est. (Trump 2nd term)
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
0 100K 200K 300K 400K 500K
ICE removals — ICE ERO Annual Data / MPI / TRAC Reports
| Fiscal Year | ICE Removals | Administration |
|---|---|---|
| FY2012 | 409,849 | Obama (all-time ICE record) |
| FY2014 | 315,943 | Obama |
| FY2019 | 267,258 | Trump (1st term peak) |
| FY2020 | 185,884 | Trump (COVID impact) |
| FY2021 | 159,886 | Biden (lowest) |
| FY2022 | 180,034 | Biden |
| FY2023 | 142,580 | Biden |
| FY2024 | 271,484 | Biden (10-year high) |
| FY2025 | ~329,000 (est.) | Trump 2nd term |
Data Sources: ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations Annual Statistics; Migration Policy Institute, October 2025; TRAC Immigration, November 2025; CNN, August 2025
The deportation data by year demolishes several popular misconceptions about immigration enforcement trends in the United States. The all-time ICE removal record of 409,849 was set in FY2012 under President Obama, not under either Trump administration. Obama’s enforcement machine removed more people in a single year than Trump’s first term ever achieved — Trump’s FY2019 peak of 267,258 was actually lower than most Obama-era years. What changed dramatically under Trump’s first term was the focus on interior enforcement versus border enforcement, with more resources directed at removing long-settled undocumented residents rather than recent border crossers. Under Biden, FY2023 saw a surprising low of 142,580 ICE removals, despite record border encounters — reflecting the administration’s deliberate pivot of ICE resources away from interior enforcement and toward processing at the border. The FY2024 rebound to 271,484 removals — the highest since FY2014 — reflects Biden’s late-term enforcement tightening following his June 2024 asylum restrictions executive order.
Under Trump’s second term, the removal pace has accelerated significantly, with MPI estimating approximately 329,000 ICE removals in FY2025 — a 21% increase over FY2024 and the highest total in over a decade. However, TRAC Immigration’s November 2025 analysis found that the total ICE removals under the current Trump administration through FY2025 were only about 7% more than were removed in FY2024 during Biden’s last full year — underscoring that the logistics of mass deportation, including court proceedings, detention capacity, diplomatic agreements with receiving countries, and due process requirements, impose practical limits on how rapidly removal numbers can scale up. As of early 2026, ICE held approximately 65,135 individuals in detention, with nearly 74% having no prior criminal conviction, according to TRAC data from November 2025.
Undocumented Immigrant Workforce and Economic Data in the US 2026
UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS IN THE U.S. WORKFORCE BY SECTOR (Est. 2023–2024)
Agriculture ████████████████████████████ ~24% of sector workforce
Construction ████████████████████ ~17%
Leisure/Hospitality ██████████████████ ~15%
Manufacturing █████████████ ~11%
Professional Svcs ████████ ~7%
Overall workforce ████ ~5% of total U.S. workforce
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
Estimated share of sector workforce — Pew Research Center
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Total undocumented workers | ~8.3 million | Pew Research Center |
| Share of U.S. civilian workforce | ~5% | Pew Research Center |
| Share of agricultural workforce | ~24% | Pew / USDA cross-reference |
| Share of construction workforce | ~17% | Pew Research Center |
| Share of leisure/hospitality sector | ~15% | Pew Research Center |
| % with some deportation protection (2024) | ~40% | Pew / FWD.us |
| Active DACA recipients (March 2025) | 525,000 (down from 610K in July 2023) | Pew Research Center |
| Undocumented children in U.S. schools | Significant; population growing without protections | FWD.us (April 2026) |
Data Sources: Pew Research Center, August 2025; FWD.us, “Understanding the Undocumented Population” (April 2026); U.S. Department of Agriculture economic cross-references
The economic footprint of undocumented immigrants in the United States is substantial and deeply embedded in key sectors of the American economy. With approximately 8.3 million undocumented workers — representing roughly 5% of the entire U.S. civilian workforce — the undocumented population is not marginal to American economic life; it is structural to it. In agriculture, where undocumented workers represent approximately 24% of all farm workers, the labor contribution is particularly critical. Construction, leisure, hospitality, and manufacturing also depend heavily on undocumented labor in ways that have become especially visible in 2025 as enforcement intensifies and some industries begin reporting labor shortages in regions with high ICE activity. As of 2024, roughly 40% of the undocumented population held some form of temporary protection from deportation — such as pending asylum cases, humanitarian parole status, or Temporary Protected Status (TPS) — with many of those holding work authorization permits despite their technical classification as unauthorized immigrants.
The DACA population, which offers protection and work permits to individuals brought to the U.S. as children before 2007, stood at approximately 610,000 active recipients in July 2023 but had declined to 525,000 by March 2025, per Pew data, reflecting the combination of attrition, court challenges to the program’s legality, and reduced new approvals. The FWD.us April 2026 report notes a growing concern among businesses and economists: companies that have relied for decades on a stable undocumented workforce are facing labor market disruption without readily available legal pathways to retain workers who have been employed, taxpaying residents for many years. This tension between enforcement goals and economic realities is one of the defining features of the undocumented immigration debate in America in 2026.
Frequently Asked Questions: Undocumented Immigrants by Year in the US 2026
Q: How many undocumented immigrants are in the US in 2026? The most recent verified estimate is 14 million as of mid-2023, per Pew Research Center’s August 2025 report — an all-time record. Pew’s analysis of 2024 and early 2025 CPS data suggests the population likely peaked in early 2024 and has been declining since, due to dramatically reduced border crossings and increased deportations under the Trump administration’s second term. A confirmed 2024 or 2025 estimate is not yet available from DHS.
Q: When was the undocumented population at its highest? The recorded all-time peak is 14 million in 2023 (Pew, August 2025 revision). The prior peak under the older methodology was 12.2 million in 2007.
Q: How many undocumented immigrants have been deported in 2025? MPI estimates ICE conducted approximately ~329,000 removals in FY2025 (October 2024–September 2025), about 25% higher than FY2024. The Deportation Data Project found deportations following ICE arrest increased more than fivefold from mid-2024 levels by early 2026.
Q: Where do most undocumented immigrants come from? Mexico remains the single largest source at approximately ~37% / ~5.2 million — but this is the lowest Mexican share ever recorded. Central America (20%), South America (11%), and Asia (10%) have all grown significantly in share.
Q: Which state has the most undocumented immigrants? California leads with approximately 2.3 million, followed by Texas (2.1 million) and Florida (1.6 million). Florida has the highest percentage of undocumented immigrants relative to total state population at ~7.1%.
Disclaimer: The data research report we present here is based on information found from various sources. We are not liable for any financial loss, errors, or damages of any kind that may result from the use of the information herein. We acknowledge that though we try to report accurately, we cannot verify the absolute facts of everything that has been represented.
