Recessions in the United States 2025
The United States economy stands at a critical juncture in 2025, with economists closely monitoring various indicators that could signal potential economic downturns. As America navigates through complex fiscal policies, inflation concerns, and global economic uncertainties, understanding the historical context of recessions becomes paramount for businesses, investors, and policymakers. The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), the official arbiter of recession dates in America, continues to track economic fluctuations with unprecedented precision, providing crucial data that shapes our understanding of economic cycles.
Current economic projections for 2025 reveal mixed signals about the likelihood of an economic recession in the United States. According to recent Federal Reserve data and private sector analyses, the probability of a recession by the end of 2025 ranges from 33% to 40%, indicating significant uncertainty in economic forecasts. The first quarter of 2025 showed a GDP decline of 0.3%, raising concerns among economists and market watchers. However, the second quarter rebounded with a 3.0% annualized growth rate, demonstrating the volatile nature of modern economic cycles and the resilience of the American economy in face of challenges.
Interesting Stats Facts About US Recessions 2025
| Recession Fact | Statistical Data | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Total Number of US Recessions Since 1854 | 34 Official Recessions | NBER |
| Shortest Recession in US History | 2 Months (February-April 2020) | NBER |
| Longest Recession in US History | 65 Months (1873-1879 Depression) | NBER |
| Average Recession Duration (1945-2020) | 10.3 Months | NBER |
| Average Expansion Duration (1945-2020) | 64.2 Months | NBER |
| Current Recession Probability (2025) | 33.56% – 40% | J.P. Morgan |
| Q1 2025 GDP Change | -0.3% Decline | Bureau of Economic Analysis |
| Q2 2025 GDP Growth | +3.0% Annualized Rate | US Bank Analysis |
| Federal Reserve Interest Rate Range | Above 4.5% Through 2026 | Deloitte Forecast |
The history of U.S. recessions provides vital context for understanding current economic cycles. Since 1854, the U.S. has experienced 34 official recessions, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). The shortest of these occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, lasting just 2 months from February to April 2020, while the longest, the Long Depression, stretched an astonishing 65 months between 1873 and 1879. On average, post-World War II recessions (from 1945 to 2020) have lasted about 10.3 months, whereas economic expansions typically endure far longer, averaging 64.2 months. These trends demonstrate the cyclical nature of the economy, where downturns are relatively short-lived compared to extended periods of growth.
As of 2025, recession fears persist, though signals are mixed. Analysts such as J.P. Morgan estimate the probability of a U.S. recession this year falls between 33.56% and 40%. The economic performance has fluctuated, with Q1 2025 registering a -0.3% decline in GDP, raising concerns of contraction. However, Q2 2025 showed a surprising rebound, with a +3.0% annualized GDP growth rate, suggesting resilience in certain sectors. Meanwhile, the Federal Reserve is maintaining interest rates above 4.5%, a strategy expected to continue through 2026 as part of ongoing inflation control. These factors reflect the complexity of forecasting economic downturns, especially in an environment shaped by global uncertainties and aggressive monetary policy.
List of Recessions in the United States
Complete Historical Record of US Economic Contractions (1854-2025)
The following comprehensive list represents all 34 officially recognized recessions in the United States as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Each recession is defined by the period from peak economic activity to the trough of the contraction, representing the complete business cycle downturn.
| # | Recession Period | Peak Month | Trough Month | Duration | Primary Causes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | December 1854 – December 1858 | Dec 1854 | Dec 1858 | 48 Months | Railroad speculation, banking crisis |
| 2 | October 1857 – December 1858 | Oct 1857 | Dec 1858 | 14 Months | Financial panic, railroad overbuilding |
| 3 | October 1860 – June 1861 | Oct 1860 | Jun 1861 | 8 Months | Political uncertainty, secession crisis |
| 4 | April 1865 – December 1867 | Apr 1865 | Dec 1867 | 32 Months | Post-Civil War adjustment |
| 5 | June 1869 – December 1870 | Jun 1869 | Dec 1870 | 18 Months | Black Friday gold panic |
| 6 | October 1873 – March 1879 | Oct 1873 | Mar 1879 | 65 Months | Long Depression, banking collapse |
| 7 | March 1882 – May 1885 | Mar 1882 | May 1885 | 38 Months | Railroad overexpansion |
| 8 | March 1887 – April 1888 | Mar 1887 | Apr 1888 | 13 Months | Interstate Commerce Act effects |
| 9 | July 1890 – May 1891 | Jul 1890 | May 1891 | 10 Months | Banking crisis, tight money |
| 10 | January 1893 – June 1894 | Jan 1893 | Jun 1894 | 17 Months | Panic of 1893, silver crisis |
| 11 | December 1895 – June 1897 | Dec 1895 | Jun 1897 | 18 Months | International trade disruption |
| 12 | June 1899 – December 1900 | Jun 1899 | Dec 1900 | 18 Months | Post-Spanish American War adjustment |
| 13 | September 1902 – August 1904 | Sep 1902 | Aug 1904 | 23 Months | Rich man’s panic |
| 14 | May 1907 – June 1908 | May 1907 | Jun 1908 | 13 Months | Panic of 1907, banking crisis |
| 15 | January 1910 – January 1912 | Jan 1910 | Jan 1912 | 24 Months | Monetary contraction |
| 16 | January 1913 – December 1914 | Jan 1913 | Dec 1914 | 23 Months | Federal Reserve establishment, WWI outbreak |
| 17 | August 1918 – March 1919 | Aug 1918 | Mar 1919 | 7 Months | Post-WWI demobilization |
| 18 | January 1920 – July 1921 | Jan 1920 | Jul 1921 | 18 Months | Post-war deflation |
| 19 | May 1923 – July 1924 | May 1923 | Jul 1924 | 14 Months | Federal Reserve tightening |
| 20 | October 1926 – November 1927 | Oct 1926 | Nov 1927 | 13 Months | Inventory adjustment |
| 21 | August 1929 – March 1933 | Aug 1929 | Mar 1933 | 43 Months | Great Depression, stock market crash |
| 22 | May 1937 – June 1938 | May 1937 | Jun 1938 | 13 Months | Premature fiscal tightening |
| 23 | February 1945 – October 1945 | Feb 1945 | Oct 1945 | 8 Months | Post-WWII reconversion |
| 24 | November 1948 – October 1949 | Nov 1948 | Oct 1949 | 11 Months | Inventory recession |
| 25 | July 1953 – May 1954 | Jul 1953 | May 1954 | 10 Months | Korean War end, defense spending cuts |
| 26 | August 1957 – April 1958 | Aug 1957 | Apr 1958 | 8 Months | Federal Reserve tightening |
| 27 | April 1960 – February 1961 | Apr 1960 | Feb 1961 | 10 Months | Monetary policy tightening |
| 28 | December 1969 – November 1970 | Dec 1969 | Nov 1970 | 11 Months | Federal Reserve anti-inflation policy |
| 29 | November 1973 – March 1975 | Nov 1973 | Mar 1975 | 16 Months | Oil crisis, Nixon Shock aftermath |
| 30 | January 1980 – July 1980 | Jan 1980 | Jul 1980 | 6 Months | Iranian oil crisis, monetary tightening |
| 31 | July 1981 – November 1982 | Jul 1981 | Nov 1982 | 16 Months | Volcker’s anti-inflation campaign |
| 32 | July 1990 – March 1991 | Jul 1990 | Mar 1991 | 8 Months | Gulf War, savings and loan crisis |
| 33 | March 2001 – November 2001 | Mar 2001 | Nov 2001 | 8 Months | Dot-com bubble burst |
| 34 | December 2007 – June 2009 | Dec 2007 | Jun 2009 | 18 Months | Great Recession, housing crisis |
| 35 | February 2020 – April 2020 | Feb 2020 | Apr 2020 | 2 Months | COVID-19 pandemic |
This complete chronological record reveals several important patterns in American economic history. The pre-1914 period (before the Federal Reserve) shows 16 recessions with an average duration of 20.1 months, reflecting the lack of coordinated monetary policy and limited government intervention capabilities. The 1873-1879 Long Depression remains the most severe contraction at 65 months, while the 2020 COVID recession represents the shortest at just 2 months.
The post-World War II era (1945-2020) demonstrates significant improvement in recession management, with only 11 recessions averaging 10.3 months in duration. This improvement reflects the establishment of automatic economic stabilizers, sophisticated Federal Reserve policy tools, and coordinated fiscal policy responses. The Great Recession of 2007-2009 was the longest post-war contraction at 18 months, while the 1980 recession was among the shortest at 6 months.
The frequency of recessions has also decreased in modern times, with the 2009-2020 expansion lasting 128 months – the longest in American history. However, the 2020 COVID recession, while brief, demonstrated that external shocks can still trigger rapid economic contractions, emphasizing the continued importance of robust recession preparedness and response mechanisms as the economy navigates 2025 challenges.
Latest Economic Analysis and Statistics Interpretation 2025
The comprehensive recession data presented above reveals critical patterns in American economic cycles that continue to influence 2025 economic policy decisions. The 34 official recessions since 1854 demonstrate that economic downturns are a natural component of capitalist economies, occurring roughly every 4-7 years on average. The dramatic difference between recession durations in different eras is particularly striking – modern recessions averaging 10.3 months compared to 21.6 months in the pre-1919 period, indicating improved economic stabilization mechanisms and faster recovery protocols implemented by federal institutions.
The current economic landscape in 2025 reflects sophisticated monetary and fiscal policy tools that weren’t available during historical recessions. The 2020 recession, lasting only 2 months, exemplifies how aggressive government intervention can significantly shorten economic contractions. However, the 2.7% inflation rate in June 2025 and the Federal Reserve’s commitment to maintaining interest rates above 4.5% through 2026 suggest ongoing challenges in balancing economic growth with price stability. The 40% recession probability forecasted by major financial institutions indicates that despite advanced economic management tools, the United States remains vulnerable to external shocks, policy miscalculations, and global economic disruptions.
Historical Recessions in the United States by Year 2025
Major Economic Contractions Timeline in the US 2025
| Recession Period | Peak Date | Trough Date | Duration (Months) | Notable Causes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panic of 1857 | June 1857 | December 1858 | 18 Months | Railroad speculation, bank failures |
| Civil War Recession | October 1860 | June 1861 | 8 Months | Political uncertainty, war preparation |
| Post-Civil War Depression | April 1865 | December 1867 | 32 Months | War debt, economic restructuring |
| Long Depression | October 1873 | March 1879 | 65 Months | Banking panic, railroad overbuilding |
| Great Depression | August 1929 | March 1933 | 43 Months | Stock market crash, bank failures |
| 1937-1938 Recession | May 1937 | June 1938 | 13 Months | Premature fiscal tightening |
| 1970s Stagflation | November 1973 | March 1975 | 16 Months | Oil crisis, inflation |
| Early 1980s Recession | July 1981 | November 1982 | 16 Months | Federal Reserve anti-inflation policy |
| 2008 Financial Crisis | December 2007 | June 2009 | 18 Months | Housing bubble, financial derivatives |
| COVID-19 Recession | February 2020 | April 2020 | 2 Months | Pandemic lockdowns, supply chain disruption |
The historical progression of United States recessions demonstrates evolving economic vulnerabilities and governmental response capabilities over nearly two centuries. The 65-month Long Depression of 1873-1879 remains the most severe economic contraction in American history, caused by railroad speculation and banking panics that predated modern financial regulation. In contrast, the 2-month COVID-19 recession of 2020 showcases how contemporary monetary policy, fiscal stimulus, and coordinated government intervention can dramatically reduce recession duration, even when facing unprecedented global disruptions.
Modern recession patterns reveal significant improvements in economic management since 1945, with average contraction periods dropping from 21.6 months in the pre-1919 era to 10.3 months in the post-World War II period. This transformation reflects the establishment of the Federal Reserve System, automatic stabilizers like unemployment insurance, and sophisticated macroeconomic policy tools that enable rapid economic intervention. The 2025 economic environment benefits from these institutional innovations, though new challenges like globalization, technological disruption, and complex financial instruments create novel recession risks that policymakers continue to navigate.
Last Recession in the United States
COVID-19 Economic Recession Analysis in the US
| COVID-19 Recession Metric | Statistical Value | Historical Context |
|---|---|---|
| Official Start Date | February 2020 | Shortest recession start to trough |
| Official End Date | April 2020 | Fastest recovery in US history |
| Total Duration | 2 Months | Record shortest recession |
| GDP Decline (Q2 2020) | -31.2% Annualized Rate | Steepest quarterly drop recorded |
| Unemployment Peak | 14.8% (April 2020) | Highest since Great Depression |
| Stock Market Decline | -34% (S&P 500) | Rapid bear market |
| Federal Stimulus Response | $6 Trillion Total | Largest fiscal response in history |
| Recovery to Pre-Recession GDP | 18 Months | Faster than 2008 recession (77 months) |
| Employment Recovery Period | 24 Months | Mixed recovery across sectors |
| Inflation Aftermath (2021-2024) | Peak 9.1% | Unintended consequence of stimulus |
The COVID-19 recession of 2020 represents a unique economic phenomenon in American history, characterized by its extreme brevity and unprecedented severity. Unlike traditional recessions caused by financial imbalances or monetary policy, the 2020 contraction resulted from deliberate economic shutdowns to combat a global pandemic. The 2-month duration makes it the shortest recession ever recorded by the NBER, yet the 31.2% annualized GDP decline in the second quarter represented the steepest economic drop in modern American history.
The rapid recovery from the COVID-19 recession demonstrates both the effectiveness of aggressive government intervention and the unique nature of pandemic-induced economic disruptions. The $6 trillion federal stimulus response, including direct payments to individuals, expanded unemployment benefits, and business support programs, facilitated the fastest recession recovery in American history. However, this unprecedented monetary and fiscal expansion contributed to the inflationary pressures that emerged in 2021-2024, with consumer prices reaching a peak of 9.1%, creating new economic challenges that continue to influence 2025 policy decisions and recession probabilities.
Economic Recession United States by Year 2025
Comprehensive Recession Chronology in the US 2025
| Decade | Number of Recessions | Average Duration | Key Economic Drivers |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1850s | 2 Recessions | 13 Months | Railroad speculation, banking instability |
| 1860s | 2 Recessions | 20 Months | Civil War impacts, reconstruction |
| 1870s | 2 Recessions | 42 Months | Industrial expansion, financial panics |
| 1880s | 2 Recessions | 26 Months | Railroad overbuilding, agricultural depression |
| 1890s | 2 Recessions | 18 Months | Silver crisis, international trade disruption |
| 1900s-1910s | 4 Recessions | 19 Months | Financial panics, World War I adjustments |
| 1920s | 2 Recessions | 14 Months | Post-war adjustment, monetary policy |
| 1930s | 2 Recessions | 28 Months | Great Depression, policy experimentation |
| 1940s | 1 Recession | 8 Months | Post-World War II adjustment |
| 1950s | 2 Recessions | 9 Months | Korean War, monetary tightening |
| 1960s | 1 Recession | 10 Months | Monetary policy adjustment |
| 1970s | 2 Recessions | 14 Months | Oil shocks, stagflation |
| 1980s | 2 Recessions | 12 Months | Federal Reserve inflation fighting |
| 1990s | 1 Recession | 8 Months | Savings and loan crisis, Gulf War |
| 2000s | 2 Recessions | 13 Months | Dot-com bubble, housing crisis |
| 2010s | 0 Recessions | N/A | Longest expansion in US history |
| 2020s | 1 Recession (to date) | 2 Months | COVID-19 pandemic |
The decade-by-decade analysis of American recessions reveals significant evolutionary patterns in economic stability and policy effectiveness. The 19th century experienced frequent and prolonged economic contractions, with the 1870s averaging 42 months per recession due to limited government intervention capabilities and the absence of modern central banking. The Federal Reserve System, established in 1913, gradually improved economic stability, though the 1930s still witnessed severe contractions during the Great Depression before modern macroeconomic management techniques emerged.
The post-World War II era demonstrates remarkable improvement in recession management, with average durations declining significantly across most decades. The 2010s represent the first decade without any recession since systematic record-keeping began, highlighting the sophistication of contemporary economic policy tools. However, the 2020s introduced new challenges with the COVID-19 recession, showcasing both the vulnerability of modern economies to external shocks and the unprecedented speed of policy response that enabled the 2-month recovery period that continues to influence 2025 economic planning and recession probability assessments.
Pre-2008 Financial Crisis Recessions in the US 2025
Historical Economic Contractions Analysis in the US 2025
| Pre-2008 Major Recession | Duration | Peak Unemployment | GDP Decline | Recovery Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1929 Great Depression | 43 Months | 24.9% | -26.7% | 10+ Years |
| 1973-75 Oil Crisis Recession | 16 Months | 9.0% | -3.2% | 24 Months |
| 1981-82 Double-Dip Recession | 16 Months | 10.8% | -2.9% | 28 Months |
| 1990-91 Gulf War Recession | 8 Months | 7.8% | -1.4% | 15 Months |
| 2001 Dot-Com Recession | 8 Months | 6.3% | -0.3% | 20 Months |
Pre-2008 recessions in American economic history provide crucial context for understanding the evolution of economic resilience and policy effectiveness leading up to the modern era. The Great Depression of 1929 remains the benchmark for economic catastrophe, with its 43-month duration and 24.9% peak unemployment demonstrating the vulnerability of early 20th-century economic systems. This severe contraction led to fundamental changes in American economic policy, including the establishment of Social Security, FDIC insurance, and expanded federal economic intervention powers that continue to shape 2025 recession preparedness strategies.
The 1970s and 1980s recessions introduced Americans to stagflation – the combination of high inflation and unemployment that challenged traditional Keynesian economic theory. The 1981-82 recession, deliberately induced by Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker’s aggressive interest rate increases to combat inflation, demonstrated the central bank’s willingness to accept short-term economic pain for long-term price stability. This precedent influences 2025 Federal Reserve policy discussions as policymakers balance inflation concerns with recession risks. The progressively shorter and milder recessions of the 1990s and early 2000s created confidence in modern economic management that was severely tested by the 2008 Financial Crisis and continues to inform 2025 economic policy frameworks.
Post-2008 Economic Recovery and Recession Patterns in the US 2025
Modern Economic Cycle Analysis in the US 2025
| Post-2008 Economic Indicator | 2009-2020 Expansion | 2020 Recession | 2021-2025 Recovery |
|---|---|---|---|
| Expansion Duration | 128 Months | 2-Month Contraction | 60+ Months (Ongoing) |
| GDP Growth Rate (Average) | 2.3% Annual | -31.2% Q2 2020 | 3.2% Average (2021-2024) |
| Unemployment Rate Range | 10.0% to 3.5% | Peak 14.8% | 14.8% to 3.7% |
| Federal Debt Growth | $10.6 to $23.2 Trillion | +$4.2 Trillion (2020) | $31.4 Trillion (2024) |
| Federal Fund Rate Range | 0.25% to 2.50% | 0% to 0.25% | 0% to 5.25% |
| Quantitative Easing Programs | QE1, QE2, QE3 | Unlimited QE | Tapering and Reversal |
| Stock Market Performance | S&P 500: +300% | -34% (March 2020) | +85% (2020-2024) |
| Inflation Rate Range | 0.1% to 2.9% | 0.1% (May 2020) | 0.1% to 9.1% |
The post-2008 economic landscape fundamentally transformed American recession patterns and policy responses, creating the framework that governs 2025 economic management strategies. The 128-month expansion from 2009 to 2020 became the longest economic expansion in American history, driven by unprecedented quantitative easing programs, near-zero interest rates, and coordinated fiscal stimulus measures. This extended growth period created new economic vulnerabilities, including asset price inflation, increased corporate debt, and growing wealth inequality that continue to influence 2025 recession risk assessments.
The COVID-19 recession and subsequent recovery represent a paradigm shift in recession management, demonstrating the government’s capacity for rapid, massive economic intervention. The $6 trillion federal response in 2020 exceeded the entire 2008-2009 stimulus by more than 400%, enabling the fastest recession recovery in American history but creating inflationary pressures that peaked at 9.1% in 2022. The 2021-2025 recovery period showcases both the effectiveness of aggressive stimulus and the complex challenges of managing post-recession inflation, with Federal Reserve interest rate increases from 0% to 5.25% attempting to balance economic growth with price stability, directly influencing current 2025 recession probability calculations.
Current Economic Indicators and 2025 Recession Outlook in the US
Real-Time Economic Assessment for the US 2025
| 2025 Economic Indicator | Current Value | 2024 Comparison | Recession Signal |
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP Growth Rate (Q1 2025) | -0.3% | +2.8% (Q4 2024) | Negative Indicator |
| GDP Growth Rate (Q2 2025) | +3.0% | -0.3% (Q1 2025) | Positive Recovery |
| Unemployment Rate (July 2025) | 4.3% | 3.7% (Dec 2024) | Mild Deterioration |
| Consumer Price Index (June 2025) | 2.7% | 2.4% (May 2025) | Inflation Concern |
| Federal Fund Rate (Current) | 4.75%-5.00% | 5.25%-5.50% | Restrictive Policy |
| 10-Year Treasury Yield | 4.2% | 4.0% (Jan 2025) | Market Stress |
| Consumer Confidence Index | 102.5 | 104.2 (Q4 2024) | Declining Optimism |
| Leading Economic Index | 1.4% (6-Month Growth) | -0.8% (Previous 6-Month) | Mixed Signals |
The 2025 economic indicators present a complex picture of an economy experiencing significant volatility while maintaining overall resilience. The first quarter GDP decline of 0.3% triggered widespread concern about potential recession onset, particularly when combined with rising unemployment from 3.7% to 4.3% and increasing inflation from 2.4% to 2.7%. However, the robust second-quarter rebound of 3.0% GDP growth demonstrates the underlying strength of American economic fundamentals and the effectiveness of current policy frameworks in supporting economic stability.
Federal Reserve policy remains the critical variable in 2025 recession probability calculations, with the federal fund rate maintained in the 4.75%-5.00% range representing a restrictive monetary stance designed to combat inflationary pressures while avoiding economic contraction. The improving Leading Economic Index, showing 1.4% growth over six months compared to the previous period’s 0.8% decline, suggests that economic momentum may be stabilizing. However, the 40% recession probability forecasted by major financial institutions reflects ongoing concerns about tariff policies, global economic uncertainty, and the delicate balance between inflation control and economic growth that continues to challenge policymakers throughout 2025.
Federal Reserve Policy and Recession Management in the US 2025
Monetary Policy Framework Analysis for the US 2025
| Federal Reserve Tool | Current Status (2025) | Recession Prevention Role | Historical Effectiveness |
|---|---|---|---|
| Federal Fund Rate | 4.75%-5.00% | Primary recession tool | Highly effective since 1980s |
| Quantitative Easing | Balance sheet reduction | Emergency recession response | Successful in 2008, 2020 |
| Forward Guidance | Data-dependent approach | Market expectation management | Enhanced since 2008 |
| Bank Supervision | Stress testing active | Financial stability maintenance | Improved post-2008 |
| Unemployment Target | Maximum employment mandate | Dual mandate compliance | Balanced approach post-1970s |
| Inflation Target | 2% long-term average | Price stability maintenance | Credible anchor since 1990s |
| Emergency Lending | Standby facilities available | Financial crisis prevention | Critical during 2008, 2020 |
| Communication Strategy | Transparent policy signals | Uncertainty reduction | Major improvement since 2000s |
The Federal Reserve’s approach to recession management in 2025 reflects decades of institutional learning and policy refinement that began with the 1970s stagflation crisis and evolved through subsequent economic challenges. The current 4.75%-5.00% federal fund rate represents a restrictive monetary policy stance designed to maintain the delicate balance between controlling inflation and preventing economic contraction. This rate level, significantly higher than the near-zero rates maintained during the 2008-2015 and 2020-2022 periods, provides the Federal Reserve with substantial ammunition for recession fighting while demonstrating commitment to price stability.
The dual mandate of maximum employment and price stability guides Federal Reserve decision-making in 2025, with policymakers carefully monitoring both the 4.3% unemployment rate and the 2.7% inflation rate to assess appropriate policy responses. The institution’s enhanced communication strategies, including detailed forward guidance and regular press conferences, help manage market expectations and reduce economic uncertainty that could contribute to recession risks. The $8.9 trillion Federal Reserve balance sheet, while being gradually reduced from pandemic-era peaks, provides flexibility for renewed quantitative easing if economic conditions deteriorate, ensuring that the central bank maintains multiple tools for recession prevention and economic stabilization throughout 2025 and beyond.
Disclaimer: The data research report we present here is based on information found from various sources. We are not liable for any financial loss, errors, or damages of any kind that may result from the use of the information herein. We acknowledge that though we try to report accurately, we cannot verify the absolute facts of everything that has been represented.
