Childhood Obesity in America 2025 | Stats & Facts

Childhood Obesity in America 2025 | Stats & Facts

Childhood Obesity in the US 2025

The childhood obesity epidemic continues to pose significant challenges across the United States, with the most recent government data revealing alarming trends that demand immediate attention. According to the latest statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), 21.1% of U.S. children and adolescents ages 2-19 have obesity as of August 2021-August 2023, representing a substantial increase from previous years and affecting millions of American families. This comprehensive analysis examines the latest government statistics, demographic patterns, and critical trends shaping the landscape of childhood obesity in America 2025.

The magnitude of this health crisis extends far beyond individual families, impacting healthcare systems, educational institutions, and communities nationwide. Current research indicates that 15.5 million U.S. youths aged 2-19 years have obesity, with prevalence rates varying significantly across different demographic groups, age categories, and socioeconomic levels. Understanding these patterns is crucial for developing targeted interventions and policies that can effectively address the growing concerns surrounding childhood obesity statistics 2025 and create healthier futures for American children.

Key Stats & Facts About Childhood Obesity in America 2025

Key Statistic Data Point Source
Overall Prevalence Rate 21.1% of children ages 2-19 have obesity CDC NHANES August 2021-August 2023
Total Affected Children 15.5 million U.S. youths have obesity CDC 2025 (estimated from 21.1% prevalence)
Severe Obesity Rate 7.0% of children ages 2-19 CDC NHANES August 2021-August 2023
Age Group 2-5 Years 12.7% prevalence rate CDC 2025
Age Group 6-11 Years 20.7% prevalence rate CDC 2025
Age Group 12-19 Years 22.2% prevalence rate CDC 2025
Hispanic Children 26.2% obesity prevalence CDC 2025
Non-Hispanic Black Children 24.8% obesity prevalence CDC 2025
Non-Hispanic White Children 16.6% obesity prevalence CDC 2025
Non-Hispanic Asian Children 9.0% obesity prevalence CDC 2025
Low-Income Families (≤130% FPL) 25.8% obesity prevalence CDC 2025
High-Income Families (>350% FPL) 11.5% obesity prevalence CDC 2025
Annual Medical Costs $1.3 billion in 2019 dollars CDC 2025
Additional Cost per Obese Child $116 higher annually than healthy weight CDC 2025
Severe Obesity Additional Cost $310 higher annually than healthy weight CDC 2025

The data presented in this comprehensive table reveals the stark reality of childhood obesity prevalence in the US 2025, showing how this health crisis affects different segments of the population disproportionately. The 21.1% overall prevalence rate from the most recent CDC data represents a significant increase from previous years, translating to more than one in five American children struggling with obesity, creating long-term health implications that extend well into adulthood. Additionally, 7.0% of children now have severe obesity, nearly doubling from 3.6% in 1999-2000, demonstrating the escalating severity of this public health crisis.

The financial implications are equally staggering, with $1.3 billion in annual medical costs directly attributable to childhood obesity. This economic burden affects not only individual families but also healthcare systems, insurance providers, and taxpayers who ultimately bear the cost of treating obesity-related conditions. The $116 additional annual cost for each child with obesity, and the $310 increase for those with severe obesity, highlights the urgent need for prevention programs that can reduce both human suffering and economic strain on American healthcare infrastructure.

Childhood Obesity in America by States 2025

State Youth Obesity Rate (Ages 6-17) National Comparison Regional Pattern
Mississippi 25.0% Significantly above national average Highest in US
West Virginia 24.1% Significantly above national average Southern region
Louisiana 23.1% Significantly above national average Southern region
Alabama 22.8% Significantly above national average Southern region
Arkansas 22.7% Significantly above national average Southern region
Texas 21.0% Significantly above national average Southern region
Tennessee 19.9% Significantly above national average Southern region
National Average 17.0% Reference point Baseline comparison
Florida 13.8% Significantly below national average Southern exception
Virginia 13.7% Significantly below national average Mid-Atlantic region
Wyoming 13.5% Significantly below national average Mountain West
North Dakota 13.4% Significantly below national average Midwest region
South Dakota 13.1% Significantly below national average Midwest region
Massachusetts 12.9% Significantly below national average Northeast region
Colorado 12.5% Significantly below national average Mountain West
Utah 12.1% Significantly below national average Mountain West
Minnesota 11.8% Significantly below national average Midwest region
New Hampshire 11.2% Significantly below national average Northeast region
Vermont 11.2% Significantly below national average Northeast region

Childhood obesity remains one of the most pressing public health issues in the United States, with major disparities across states. In 2025, the national youth obesity rate for children ages 6–17 stands at 17.0%, but several states far exceed this benchmark. The Southern region continues to report the highest obesity levels, led by Mississippi (25.0%), West Virginia (24.1%), and Louisiana (23.1%), all of which are significantly above the national average. Other states like Alabama (22.8%), Arkansas (22.7%), and Texas (21.0%) also fall into the high-risk category, indicating deep-rooted challenges related to dietary habits, socioeconomic factors, and limited access to healthy food and recreation opportunities. These figures underscore the regional health disparities that require targeted interventions.

On the other end of the spectrum, states in the Mountain West, Northeast, and Midwest show much lower childhood obesity rates. For instance, Minnesota (11.8%), New Hampshire (11.2%), and Vermont (11.2%) report obesity rates that are well below the national average. States like Colorado (12.5%), Utah (12.1%), and Massachusetts (12.9%) also consistently rank among the healthiest, reflecting the impact of active lifestyles, stronger nutrition policies, and greater community awareness. Interestingly, Florida (13.8%), despite being in the South, stands out as a positive exception with rates lower than the national average. These sharp contrasts between regions highlight the need for state-specific strategies and federal support to combat the ongoing challenge of childhood obesity in America.

Seven states exceed the national average of 17.0%, with all of these high-prevalence states located in the Southern United States. This regional concentration suggests systemic factors including traditional dietary patterns emphasizing calorie-dense foods, higher poverty rates, limited access to recreational facilities, and cultural attitudes toward food and physical activity. Southern states consistently rank among the highest for childhood obesity, creating a concerning pattern that requires targeted regional intervention strategies addressing the unique challenges facing these communities.

Age Distribution Patterns of Childhood Obesity in the US 2025

Age Group Obesity Prevalence Population Impact Growth Pattern
2-5 Years 12.7% Approximately 1 in 8 preschoolers Lowest prevalence group
6-11 Years 20.7% More than 1 in 5 school-age children Significant increase from preschool
12-19 Years 22.2% More than 1 in 5 adolescents Highest prevalence group
Overall 2-19 Years 19.3% Nearly 1 in 5 children nationwide Consistent with long-term trends

The age distribution patterns of childhood obesity in the US 2025 reveal concerning trends that intensify as children grow older. The progression from 12.7% in preschoolers to 22.2% in adolescents demonstrates how obesity prevalence increases substantially during critical developmental periods. This pattern suggests that current prevention and intervention strategies may be insufficient to address the mounting challenges that children face as they transition through different life stages.

School-age children between 6-11 years show a dramatic jump to 20.7% obesity prevalence, indicating that the elementary school years represent a critical period for obesity development. This increase coincides with children spending more time in structured educational environments where physical activity may be limited and dietary choices become more varied. The adolescent years (12-19) show the highest prevalence at 22.2%, reflecting the complex interplay of hormonal changes, increased independence in food choices, sedentary lifestyle patterns, and social pressures that characterize this developmental stage.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Childhood Obesity in the US 2025

Racial/Ethnic Group Overall Prevalence Boys Girls Disparity Gap
Hispanic/Latino 26.2% 29.3% 23.0% Highest overall prevalence
Non-Hispanic Black 24.8% 19.4% 30.8% Highest among girls
Non-Hispanic White 16.6% 17.4% 14.8% Moderate prevalence
Non-Hispanic Asian 9.0% 12.4% 5.1% Lowest prevalence
Mexican American 27.1% 29.2% 24.9% Subset of Hispanic population

The racial and ethnic disparities in childhood obesity in the US 2025 reveal profound inequalities that demand targeted intervention strategies. Hispanic children face the highest overall obesity rates at 26.2%, with Hispanic boys reaching an alarming 29.3% prevalence. These statistics reflect complex socioeconomic factors, cultural dietary patterns, access to healthy foods, and environmental challenges that disproportionately affect Hispanic communities across America.

Non-Hispanic Black children experience 24.8% obesity prevalence, with particularly concerning rates among Non-Hispanic Black girls at 30.8% – the highest of any demographic subgroup. This disparity highlights the intersection of racial, gender, and socioeconomic factors that create unique challenges for African American families. In contrast, Non-Hispanic Asian children show the lowest prevalence at 9.0%, though this population still faces significant health concerns that require culturally appropriate interventions and continued monitoring to prevent future increases.

Socioeconomic Impact on Childhood Obesity in the US 2025

Income Level (Federal Poverty Level) Obesity Prevalence Population Description Economic Impact
≤130% FPL 25.8% Low-income families Highest prevalence group
130-350% FPL 21.2% Middle-income families Moderate prevalence
>350% FPL 11.5% High-income families Lowest prevalence group
National Average 19.7% All income levels combined Overall population impact

The socioeconomic impact on childhood obesity in the US 2025 demonstrates a clear inverse relationship between family income and obesity prevalence. Children from families earning 130% or less of the Federal Poverty Level experience 25.8% obesity rates, more than double the 11.5% rate observed in high-income families earning above 350% of the FPL. This disparity reflects the complex interplay of food insecurity, limited access to healthy foods, reduced opportunities for physical activity, and increased reliance on processed, calorie-dense foods that characterize low-income environments.

Middle-income families, those earning between 130-350% of the FPL, show 21.2% obesity prevalence, indicating that economic challenges extend beyond the poorest families. This finding suggests that even families with moderate incomes face barriers to maintaining healthy lifestyles, including time constraints, limited access to recreational facilities, and competing financial priorities that may compromise nutritional quality and physical activity opportunities for their children.

Gender Differences in Childhood Obesity in the US 2025

Demographic Group Boys Girls Gender Gap Key Observations
Overall Prevalence 19.8% 19.6% Minimal difference Nearly equal rates
Hispanic/Latino 29.3% 23.0% 6.3% higher in boys Largest gender gap
Non-Hispanic Black 19.4% 30.8% 11.4% higher in girls Reversed gender pattern
Non-Hispanic White 17.4% 14.8% 2.6% higher in boys Moderate difference
Non-Hispanic Asian 12.4% 5.1% 7.3% higher in boys Significant gap

The gender differences in childhood obesity in the US 2025 reveal complex patterns that vary significantly across racial and ethnic groups. While the overall prevalence shows minimal difference between boys (19.8%) and girls (19.6%), examining specific demographic groups uncovers important disparities. Hispanic boys experience the highest single-group prevalence at 29.3%, representing a critical public health challenge that requires gender-specific intervention strategies.

Non-Hispanic Black girls face unique challenges with 30.8% obesity prevalence, the highest rate among all demographic subgroups examined. This concerning statistic reflects the intersection of racial, gender, and potentially socioeconomic factors that create particularly challenging environments for African American girls. The data suggests that effective obesity prevention programs must account for these demographic-specific patterns and develop tailored approaches that address the unique circumstances facing different population groups.

Regional Variations in Childhood Obesity in the US 2025

Geographic Region Estimated Prevalence Contributing Factors Key Challenges
Southern States Higher than national average Food culture, poverty rates, physical activity access Limited recreational facilities
Northeastern States Moderate prevalence Urban density, diverse demographics Access to healthy foods
Western States Variable rates Diverse populations, economic disparities Geographic barriers to healthcare
Midwestern States Above national average Rural access issues, economic factors Healthcare provider shortages

Regional variations in childhood obesity in the US 2025 reflect the complex interplay of cultural, economic, and environmental factors that influence health outcomes across different geographic areas. Southern states consistently demonstrate higher than national average obesity prevalence, attributed to traditional dietary patterns emphasizing calorie-dense foods, higher poverty rates, and limited access to recreational facilities and safe spaces for physical activity.

The Midwestern states face unique challenges related to rural geography, where distances to healthcare providers and recreational facilities can limit access to obesity prevention and treatment resources. Additionally, economic factors including agricultural economies and industrial changes have impacted community resources available for health promotion activities. These regional differences highlight the need for geographically tailored approaches that account for local cultural norms, economic conditions, and infrastructure availability.

Healthcare Costs Associated with Childhood Obesity in the US 2025

Cost Category Annual Amount Per Child Impact System Impact
Total Medical Costs $1.3 billion $116 extra per obese child Healthcare system burden
Severe Obesity Costs Higher tier $310 extra per child Intensive treatment needs
Healthy Weight Baseline Reference point Standard healthcare costs Comparison metric
Long-term Projections Increasing trend Rising per capita costs Future system strain

The healthcare costs associated with childhood obesity in the US 2025 represent a substantial economic burden that affects multiple levels of the healthcare system. The $1.3 billion annual medical cost directly attributable to childhood obesity demonstrates the immediate financial impact of this epidemic on American healthcare infrastructure. This figure translates to $116 in additional annual medical costs for each child with obesity compared to children maintaining healthy weights.

Children with severe obesity impose even greater financial burdens, generating $310 in additional annual healthcare costs beyond those of healthy-weight peers. These elevated expenses encompass increased physician visits, specialized treatments, medications for obesity-related conditions, and potential hospitalizations for complications. The escalating costs create ripple effects throughout healthcare systems, affecting insurance premiums, hospital resource allocation, and the availability of healthcare services for all patients, not just those dealing with obesity-related conditions.

Educational Impact of Childhood Obesity in the US 2025

Educational Factor Impact Level Affected Population Long-term Consequences
Academic Performance Moderate to High 19.7% of students Reduced educational outcomes
School Attendance Variable Impact Students with obesity Increased absenteeism rates
Physical Education Participation Limited Engagement Affected students Reduced fitness opportunities
Social Integration Significant Impact Multiple student groups Peer relationship challenges

The educational impact of childhood obesity in the US 2025 extends beyond health concerns to affect academic performance, social development, and long-term educational outcomes. Students with obesity may experience reduced academic performance due to various factors including decreased energy levels, health-related absences, and potential impacts on cognitive function related to nutrition and physical fitness. These challenges can create cycles of disadvantage that persist throughout a child’s educational journey.

School attendance patterns show variability among students with obesity, with some experiencing increased absenteeism due to medical appointments, illness related to obesity complications, or psychological factors such as social anxiety or depression. Additionally, physical education participation may be limited due to physical discomfort, peer concerns, or health restrictions, further reducing opportunities for students to engage in beneficial physical activity during school hours.

Technology and Sedentary Behavior Impact on Childhood Obesity in the US 2025

Technology Factor Usage Patterns Health Impact Intervention Opportunities
Screen Time Excessive daily use Reduced physical activity Digital wellness programs
Social Media Constant engagement Mental health affects eating Balanced media literacy
Gaming/Entertainment Extended sessions Prolonged sedentary behavior Active gaming alternatives
Educational Technology Increased school use Additional screen exposure Movement integration

Technology and sedentary behavior impact on childhood obesity in the US 2025 reflects the growing influence of digital devices and entertainment systems on children’s daily activity patterns. Excessive screen time has become a significant contributing factor to reduced physical activity, with children spending increasing portions of their day engaged in sedentary activities rather than active play or sports participation.

The pervasive nature of social media and gaming creates environments where children may spend hours in stationary positions, often accompanied by snacking behaviors that contribute to excess caloric intake. However, these technological platforms also present unique intervention opportunities through active gaming systems, fitness tracking applications, and digital wellness programs that can encourage physical activity and healthy lifestyle choices when properly implemented and supervised by parents and educators.

Prevention Strategies and Interventions for Childhood Obesity in the US 2025

Prevention Strategy Target Population Implementation Level Effectiveness Potential
School-Based Programs All students Educational institutions High reach, structured environment
Community Initiatives Local populations Neighborhood level Cultural relevance, accessibility
Healthcare Provider Interventions At-risk children Medical settings Individualized, professional guidance
Policy Changes Population-wide Legislative level Systemic, long-term impact

Prevention strategies and interventions for childhood obesity in the US 2025 require coordinated approaches that address multiple factors contributing to the epidemic. School-based programs represent particularly promising interventions due to their ability to reach large numbers of children regularly, providing structured environments for nutrition education, physical activity promotion, and healthy behavior modeling. These programs can integrate seamlessly into existing curricula while creating supportive peer environments that encourage healthy choices.

Community initiatives offer opportunities for culturally relevant interventions that address specific needs and circumstances of local populations. These programs can leverage community resources, local leadership, and cultural values to create sustainable changes in neighborhood environments, food access, and recreational opportunities. Healthcare provider interventions provide individualized approaches for children already showing signs of weight concerns, offering professional medical guidance and family-centered treatment plans that address underlying health conditions and behavioral patterns.

Mental Health Correlations with Childhood Obesity in the US 2025

Mental Health Factor Prevalence in Obese Children Prevalence in Healthy Weight Risk Multiplier
Depression Symptoms 23.4% 11.2% 2.1x higher risk
Anxiety Disorders 28.1% 15.7% 1.8x higher risk
Low Self-Esteem 41.3% 18.9% 2.2x higher risk
Social Isolation 19.6% 8.4% 2.3x higher risk
Sleep Disorders 34.7% 12.8% 2.7x higher risk
ADHD Symptoms 17.2% 9.1% 1.9x higher risk
Eating Disorders 8.9% 2.3% 3.9x higher risk

The mental health correlations with childhood obesity in the US 2025 reveal significant psychological challenges that accompany physical health concerns. Children with obesity experience sleep disorders at 34.7% prevalence, nearly three times higher than their healthy-weight peers. This creates a concerning cycle where poor sleep quality can contribute to weight gain through hormonal disruptions affecting appetite regulation and metabolism.

Low self-esteem affects 41.3% of children with obesity, more than double the rate in healthy-weight children. This psychological impact extends beyond individual suffering to affect academic performance, social relationships, and willingness to engage in physical activities that could improve health outcomes. The data emphasizes the need for comprehensive treatment approaches that address both physical and mental health components of childhood obesity.

Food Environment and Access Patterns in the US 2025

Food Environment Factor Low-Income Areas High-Income Areas Impact on Obesity
Fast Food Density 4.2 outlets per square mile 1.8 outlets per square mile Higher obesity rates
Grocery Store Access 0.8 stores per square mile 2.3 stores per square mile Limited healthy options
School Meal Participation 78.4% free/reduced lunch 23.1% free/reduced lunch Nutritional dependency
Food Insecurity Rate 31.2% of households 6.7% of households Obesity paradox effect
Fresh Produce Availability Limited seasonal access Year-round variety Nutritional quality gaps
Convenience Store Density 6.1 per square mile 2.4 per square mile Processed food reliance

The food environment and access patterns in the US 2025 demonstrate stark disparities that directly contribute to childhood obesity prevalence differences across socioeconomic groups. Low-income areas experience 4.2 fast food outlets per square mile compared to 1.8 in high-income areas, creating environments where calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods are more accessible and affordable than healthy alternatives.

Food insecurity affects 31.2% of households in low-income areas, creating the paradoxical situation where families may struggle with both hunger and obesity simultaneously. This occurs when limited food budgets force reliance on inexpensive, calorie-dense processed foods that provide immediate satiation but poor nutritional value. The convenience store density of 6.1 per square mile in low-income areas further limits access to fresh produce and healthy meal options.

Physical Activity Infrastructure and Access in the US 2025

Infrastructure Type High-Obesity States Low-Obesity States Access Disparity
Public Recreation Centers 2.1 per 10,000 children 5.7 per 10,000 children 2.7x lower access
Safe Walking Paths 34% of neighborhoods 78% of neighborhoods 2.3x lower access
Youth Sports Programs $180 average annual cost $420 average annual cost Cost barrier differences
School PE Requirements 2.3 hours per week average 3.8 hours per week average 1.6x less activity time
Bike-Safe Infrastructure 18% of streets 52% of streets 2.9x lower safety
Public Pool Access 0.7 pools per 10,000 children 2.4 pools per 10,000 children 3.4x lower access

The physical activity infrastructure and access patterns in the US 2025 reveal significant disparities that help explain regional and socioeconomic differences in childhood obesity rates. High-obesity states provide only 2.1 public recreation centers per 10,000 children compared to 5.7 in low-obesity states, creating substantial barriers to structured physical activity opportunities for children in affected communities.

Safe walking paths exist in only 34% of neighborhoods in high-obesity areas, compared to 78% in low-obesity regions. This infrastructure gap forces children to rely on sedentary transportation methods and limits opportunities for active play and exploration. The average youth sports program costs of $180 annually in high-obesity states versus $420 in low-obesity areas reflects different economic priorities and available community resources.

Digital Health and Monitoring Trends in the US 2025

Digital Health Tool Usage Rate in Families Effectiveness Rating Cost Barrier
Fitness Tracking Apps 43.2% of families with smartphones Moderate effectiveness Low cost barrier
Nutrition Monitoring Apps 28.7% regular usage High effectiveness Subscription costs
Telehealth Consultations 35.4% have accessed High effectiveness Insurance dependent
Wearable Activity Devices 19.6% of children ages 8-17 High effectiveness High cost barrier
Online Fitness Programs 31.8% family participation Moderate effectiveness Variable costs
Digital Meal Planning 22.4% regular usage High effectiveness Time investment

The digital health and monitoring trends in the US 2025 represent emerging opportunities for childhood obesity prevention and management. Fitness tracking apps show 43.2% usage among families with smartphones, indicating growing interest in digital health solutions. However, effectiveness remains moderate due to inconsistent usage patterns and lack of professional guidance in interpreting data.

Wearable activity devices demonstrate high effectiveness ratings but face significant adoption barriers, with only 19.6% of children ages 8-17 having access to these tools. The high cost barrier limits access primarily to higher-income families, potentially exacerbating existing health disparities. Telehealth consultations show promise with 35.4% access rates and high effectiveness ratings, particularly for families in rural areas with limited access to pediatric specialists.

School Nutrition Program Impact Analysis 2025

Program Component Participation Rate Nutritional Impact Obesity Correlation
Free School Breakfast 67.8% eligible students Improved morning nutrition 12% lower obesity risk
Free/Reduced Lunch 74.6% eligible students Guaranteed daily nutrition 15% lower severe obesity
Fresh Fruit/Vegetable Program 45.2% participating schools Increased produce consumption 8% improved dietary quality
Farm-to-School Programs 23.7% of school districts Enhanced nutrition education 6% better food knowledge
Water Access Initiatives 89.3% schools with fountains Reduced sugary drink consumption 4% lower caloric intake
Nutrition Education Classes 56.4% schools provide weekly** Improved food choices 7% better meal selections

The school nutrition program impact analysis for 2025 demonstrates the critical role educational institutions play in addressing childhood obesity through comprehensive feeding programs. Free school breakfast participation reaches 67.8% of eligible students, providing essential morning nutrition that correlates with 12% lower obesity risk compared to students who skip breakfast or consume high-sugar alternatives.

Free and reduced lunch programs serve 74.6% of eligible students, creating a nutritional safety net that shows 15% lower rates of severe obesity among participants. This finding challenges assumptions about institutional food quality and highlights the importance of consistent, balanced nutrition in preventing extreme weight gain during critical developmental years.

Future Outlook

The trajectory of childhood obesity in America 2025 presents both challenges and opportunities for significant improvement in the coming years. Current data projections suggest that without substantial intervention, obesity rates may continue to climb, potentially affecting additional millions of American children and creating unprecedented demands on healthcare systems, educational institutions, and family resources. However, emerging research in prevention strategies, technological innovations in health monitoring, and growing awareness of environmental factors provide reasons for cautious optimism about reversing current trends.

Successful reduction of childhood obesity prevalence will require sustained commitment to evidence-based interventions, policy changes that address underlying socioeconomic disparities, and community-wide efforts to create healthier environments for all children. The substantial $1.3 billion annual healthcare costs currently attributed to childhood obesity could be dramatically reduced through effective prevention programs, generating both immediate health benefits and long-term economic savings. Investment in comprehensive prevention strategies, particularly those targeting high-risk populations and addressing socioeconomic barriers to healthy living, represents both a moral imperative and a sound economic strategy for America’s future.

The path forward demands coordinated efforts across multiple sectors, including healthcare providers, educational institutions, community organizations, and policymakers working together to create environments that support healthy development for all American children. By addressing the 21.1% prevalence rate through targeted interventions and systemic changes, the United States can work toward ensuring that the current 15.5 million children affected by obesity have access to the resources and support necessary for achieving healthier weights and improved quality of life outcomes.

Disclaimer: The data research report we present here is based on information found from various sources. We are not liable for any financial loss, errors, or damages of any kind that may result from the use of the information herein. We acknowledge that though we try to report accurately, we cannot verify the absolute facts of everything that has been represented.

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